Back and hip extensor fatigability in chronic low back pain patients and controls

Abstract

Objective: To compare the lumbar paraspinal and gluteus maximus muscle fatigability between chronic low back pain patients and healthy controls by using electromyographic (EMG) spectral analysis during a maximal isometric endurance task. Design: A cross-sectional comparative study between chronic low back pain patients and healthy control subjects. Setting: Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic in Finland. Subjects: Twenty women with nonspecific chronic low back pain (longer than 3 months) and 15 healthy controls. Intervention: Subjects performed maximal voluntary isometric back extensions (MVC) at 30° forward flexion in a specially designed measurement unit. A 50% MVC load was used in isometric endurance test. Outcome Measures: Low back pain intensity was assessed by using the visual analogue scale and functional disability by the Oswestry disability index. Time to endurance was measured. Bipolar surface EMG recordings were made over the lumbar paraspinal muscles (L3-L4, L5-S 1) and over the gluteus maximus muscles. Average EMG (aEMG%), and initial spectral median frequency (MF init) and change over time (MF slope) were computed. Results: Pain intensity and functional disability were higher and MVC and time to endurance were lower in the chronic low back pain group ( p < .05). Similar muscle activity levels (aEMG%) and MF init indicated similar muscle loading in both groups at the beginning of the endurance test. EMG spectral decreases (MF slope) indicated that lumbar paraspinal muscle fatigability was similar in both groups. In the chronic low back pain group, the gluteus maximus fatigued faster than in the control group (greater MF slope p < .05). However, the shorter endurance time indicated greater fatigability in the chronic low back pain group in general ( p < .05). Conclusions: The chronic low back pain patients were weaker and fatigue faster than the healthy control. The EMG fatigue analysis result suggest that the gluteus maximus muscles are more fatigable in chronic low back pain patient than in healthy control subject during a sustained back extension endurance test.