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Abstract
Brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens Stål) is one of the most serious insect pests, which reduce rice yield remarkably in many rice-growing areas. A few plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria induce systemic resistance against herbivorous insects. Here we show that root drenching of rice seedlings with an endophytic strain Bacillus velezensis YC7010 enhanced defenses against BPH. Based on high-throughput transcriptome analysis, systemic resistance against BPH was induced by B. velezensis YC7010 via salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent pathways. Increased leaf contents of secondary metabolites, tricin and C-glycosyl flavone and cell-wall contents of lignin and cellulose were the key defense mechanisms inducing resistance against BPH during the three-way interaction. This study shows for the first time that chemical changes and strengthening of physical barriers play important roles simultaneously in plant defense against BPH in rice by the endophytic bacteria. This defense was induced by lipopeptides including a novel bacillopeptin X.
Highlights
The brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens Stål) is one of the major damaging insect pests of rice (Oryza sativa L.) with a typical herbivorous phloem-sucking habit
The endophytic strain B. velezensis YC7010 was tested for its capacity to trigger induced systemic resistance (ISR) to Brown planthopper (BPH) in rice
The results showed that rice seedlings treated with B. velezensis YC7010 induced resistance against infestation by BPH
Summary
The brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens Stål) is one of the major damaging insect pests of rice (Oryza sativa L.) with a typical herbivorous phloem-sucking habit. Continued BPH infestations normally reduce photosynthates and thereby hinder plant growth, which causes the wilting of tillers, known as “hopper-burn” and heavy yield losses in susceptible rice varieties (Liu et al, 2008). Their feeding spreads certain rice viruses such as grassy stunt virus and ragged stunt virus, which are serious problems associated with rice production in cultivated areas of Asia (Suzuki et al, 2015). The main control methods for BPH involve an integrated pest management strategy via application of chemical insecticides and/or cultivation of resistant varieties. Abuse or misuse of chemicals results in the destruction of the natural
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