Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was performed to investigate the antidiabetic effect of Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and its possible mechanisms of action in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thirty SPFKM mice were randomly assigned to three groups: control, diabetic model, and diabetes + Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 group. After 35 days, blood was collected for biochemical analysis and liver tissue samples for histopathological analysis using H&E staining, qPCR, and ELISA. The results showed that the administration of B. toyonensis SAU-19 significantly improved the blood glucose, hepatic insulin resistance, and morphological changes of the liver characterized by significant improvement of dyslipidemia, glycogen synthesis, and antioxidant status (p < 0.05), indicating the strains’ ameliorating effects on hepatic insulin resistance in T2DM. In conclusion, the probiotic strain (B. toyonensis SAU-19) inhibits T2DM by reducing insulin resistance, improving antioxidant status, and downregulating genes related to glucose synthesis; hence, it may be used in treating diabetes and other metabolic disorders. This study provides the basis for further studies into the molecular mechanisms of B. toyonensis SAU-19 in treating T2DM.
Highlights
Micethe results, during the experimental trial, we observed a significant increase in feed and water intake in the diabetic group (DG) group compared to the control (C) and B. toyo SAU-19
The results from this study showed that the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL1β and TNF-α) in the liver was elevated while the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) were reduced in the diabetic group compared to the normal group; the administration of B. toyonensis SAU-19 reverted these effects
The results from this study showed that the mRNA expression levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and G6pase genes were higher in the diabetic group as compared to the control group; the administration of B. toyonensis SAU-19 reduced the expression of these genes, indicating that B. toyonensis SAU-19 suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic syndrome, associated with chronic hyperglycemia as a result of insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion [1]. T2DM is one of the major diseases that affect human health and life globally [2]. In the year 2014, it was estimated that about 422 million adults were suffering from diabetes [3]
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