Abstract
Citrus Bacterial Canker (CBC) is a serious disease that affects production of almost all commercial citrus cultivars in subtropical citrus growing regions worldwide. In this study, the effectiveness of monthly foliar sprays of wettable powder formulation Serenade MAX of Bacillus subtilis QST 713, alone or as tank mixes with copper hydroxide on CBC disease development was evaluated under greenhouse and uncovered nursery conditions. The QST 713 as a tank mix with copper hydroxide reduced significantly the disease severity and incidence, followed by the copper hydroxide treatment, compared to the control. The disease incidence on leaves of inoculated trees treated with a combination of copper with QST 713 was never higher than 19%, whereas, the disease incidence reached 43% for non-sprayed trees. It was possible to reduce the number of copper sprays up to 6 sprays per season when it was mixed with the bio-fungicide QST 713 to effectively control CBC compared with 8 sprays of copper hydroxide alone per season. Based on our results, the application of QST 713 not only may have potential for CBC management in conjunction with copper hydroxide or other disease control but also may reduce the frequency or rate of copper sprays in citrus groves.
Highlights
Citrus bacterial canker (CBC), caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), is a challenging and widespread disease of citrus, causing extensive losses in fruit quantity and quality (Gottwald et al 2002)
The long-term use and multiple applications of these bactericides can develop copper resistant strains of Xcc, which have already occurred in Argentina (Canteros et al 2008)
To reduce the copper impact on the environment as well as the selection pressure on Xcc populations, this study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of Serenade® MAX, a commercial bio-fungicide, alone and in tank mixes with copper hydroxide for CBC management
Summary
Citrus bacterial canker (CBC), caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), is a challenging and widespread disease of citrus, causing extensive losses in fruit quantity and quality (Gottwald et al 2002). There is little scientific data on the efficacy of Serenade® MAX, a commercial bio-fungicide, either alone or in tank mixes with copper hydroxide to control CBC disease.
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