Abstract

The ferric uptake regulator (Fur) family proteins include sensors of Fe (Fur), Zn (Zur), and peroxide (PerR). Among Fur family proteins, Fur and Zur are ubiquitous in most prokaryotic organisms, whereas PerR exists mainly in Gram positive bacteria as a functional homologue of OxyR. Gram positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus encode three Fur family proteins: Fur, Zur, and PerR. In this study, we identified five Fur family proteins from B. licheniformis: two novel PerR-like proteins (BL00690 and BL00950) in addition to Fur (BL05249), Zur (BL03703), and PerR (BL00075) homologues. Our data indicate that all of the five B. licheniformis Fur homologues contain a structural Zn2+ site composed of four cysteine residues like many other Fur family proteins. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the PerR-like proteins (BL00690 and BL00950) as well as PerRBL (BL00075), but not FurBL (BL05249) and ZurBL (BL03703), can sense H2O2 by histidine oxidation with different sensitivity. We also show that PerR2 (BL00690) has a PerR-like repressor activity for PerR-regulated genes in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that B. licheniformis contains three PerR subfamily proteins which can sense H2O2 by histidine oxidation not by cysteine oxidation, in addition to Fur and Zur.

Highlights

  • The ferric uptake regulator (Fur) protein is an iron-sensing transcriptional regulator which controls the expression of genes involved in intracellular iron homeostasis [1]

  • Characterization of Fur Family Proteins from Bacillus licheniformis of the B. licheniformis ATCC14580 genome sequence [13] with each one of the B. subtilis Fur family proteins revealed the presence of five putative genes encoding Fur family proteins

  • BL00075, BL03703, and BL05249 of B. licheniformis show the highest similarity to PerRBS, ZurBS, and FurBS from B. subtilis, respectively, and all these proteins cluster with their homologues from L. monocytogenes and S. aureus as well as B. subtilis (Fig 1A)

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Summary

Introduction

The ferric uptake regulator (Fur) protein is an iron-sensing transcriptional regulator which controls the expression of genes involved in intracellular iron homeostasis [1]. For the expression of FLAG fusion proteins from their own promoter in B. subtilis, the PCR fragments containing ORF and about 200 bp upstream region (bl00075, bl05249, bl03703, bl00690, bl00950, furBS, zurBS) were individually cloned into BamHI and EagI sites of pJL070.

Results
Conclusion

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