Abstract
Th2 immune response is essential for providing protection against pathogens and orchestrating humoral immunity. However, excessive Th2 immune response leads to the pathogenesis of Th2 inflammation diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Emerging evidence suggest a critical role of the transcription factor Bach2 in regulating Th2 immune responses. Bach2 serves as a super enhancer and transcriptional repressor to control the differentiation and maturation of Th2-related immune cells such as B cell lineages and T cell lineages. In B cells, Bach2 is required for every stage of B cell development and can delay the class switch recombination and antibody-producing plasma cell differentiation. In T cell lineages, Bach2 suppresses the CD4+ T cell differentiation into Th2 cells, restrains Th2 cytokine production, and promotes the generation and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells to balance the immune activity. Furthermore, studies in various animal models show that Bach2 knockout animals spontaneously develop Th2 inflammation in the airway and gastrointestinal tract. Genome-wide association studies have identified various susceptibility loci of Bach2 which are linked with Th2 inflammatory diseases such as asthma and inflammatory bowel disease. Here, we discuss the critical role of Bach2 involved in the Th2 immune response and associated inflammatory diseases.
Highlights
The unbalanced adaptive immune responses excessively driven towards Th2 immunity due to constant antigen exposure could lead to Th2 inflammation diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis [2, 3]
Studies have discovered that the transcription factor BTB and CNC homologue 2 (Bach2) play a crucial role in regulating Th2 immune responses
We have demonstrated that Bach2 is a critical immune-regulating transcription factor in Th2, Tfh, Treg, and B cells and plays an important role in Th2 immune response
Summary
Thelper (Th) 2 immune response, which belongs to type 2 immune response, represents the typical adaptive response against various allergens or extracellular parasitic infections. Through inducing Th2 cytokine release, immunoglobulin (Ig) E antibody production, and inflammatory mediator secretion, Th2 immune response provides adequate protection against these infections [1]. Studies have discovered that the transcription factor BTB and CNC homologue 2 (Bach2) play a crucial role in regulating Th2 immune responses. Bach deficiency in CD4+ T cells reduces the number of naïve CD4+ T cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells and increases the number of Th2-type effector memory T cells, indicating that Bach is closely related to Th2 cell-mediated immune responses and Treg cellmediated immune homeostasis [4–6]. Early studies have found that Bach plays an important role in humoral immunity by promoting B cell differentiation and affecting high-affinity antibody production [7, 8]. We discuss the differential roles of Bach involved in Th2 immune responses and Th2 inflammation
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
