Abstract
Baccaurea racemosa (Reinw. ex Blume) Müll. Arg. is a fruit widely grown in Indonesia locally known as ‘kepundung’. Some of genus Baccaurea has potential to be developed as a natural antioxidant. However, the antioxidant activity of B. racemosa pulp has not been published. This study is aimed to (i) explore the antioxidant activity, (ii) measure the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and (iii) investigate the correlation of antioxidant activity of extract and fractions of B. racemosa pulp with their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Fresh B. racemosa pulp was macerated with methanol to obtained methanolic extract. The methanolic extract was partitioned using n-hexane followed dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. This study revealed that ethyl acetate fraction has the highest antioxidant activity with the scavenging activity of free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-Azinobis(3-etylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) with values IC50 127.155±4.311ug/mL and 108.155±6.455 mM trolox equivalent/100 mg dry extract respectively. However, the highest antioxidant activity using β-carotene bleaching (BCB) assay is the methanolic extract with value 36.898±13.240%. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction has the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) with values 42.975±1.978 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract (mg GAE g-1 dry extract) and 122.813±1.604 mg rutin equivalent/g dry extract (mg RE g-1 dry extract) respectively. TPC and TFC of B. racemosa pulp have a significant correlation with ABTS free radical scavenging activity. In this current study, it was discovered that ethyl acetate fraction of B. racemosa pulp can be developed to be a natural antioxidant.
Highlights
Free radical is a reactive and unstable compound because it can attract the electron from another molecule (Lobo et al, 2010)
The purpose of our study was to explore for the first time the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract, nhexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and water fraction of B. racemosa pulp through β-Carotene Bleaching (BCB) assay, scavenging activity of free radical of DPPH and ABTS
IC50 values of scavenging activity of DPPH free radical of extract and fractions can be ranked as ethyl acetate fraction < methanol extract < water fraction < n-hexane fraction < dichloromethane fraction (Table 1)
Summary
Free radical is a reactive and unstable compound because it can attract the electron from another molecule (Lobo et al, 2010). Antioxidant from the outside is needed due to unbalance amount of antioxidant and free radical in the body Synthetic antioxidant such as Buthyl Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) and Buthyl Hydroxy Anisole (BHA) are developed. Both of them was reported to cause cancer in mouse (Race, 2009; Fitri, 2013). The leaves of B. racemosa have reported containing the activity of antioxidant with 91.23±0.02% scavenging of DPPH free radical (Wulansari and Chairul, 2011). The pulps of Baccaurea angulata contain total phenolic and flavonoid that has a high correlation with its antioxidant activity with a correlation coefficient >0.99. There is no report about activity antioxidant from B. racemosa pulp and its correlation with phenolic and flavonoid total. This study was aimed to quantify the total phenolic and flavonoid content of extract and fractions of B. racemosa pulp and to investigate the correlation between their total phenolic and flavonoid content with their antioxidant activity
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