Abstract
BackgroundAtherosclerosis is the most common disease of large and medium-sized arteries linked to oxidative stress, dyslipidemia as well as chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential health benefits of Baccaurea angulata (BA) fruit juice on the aorta of diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits, to detect an accumulation of fatty streak and evaluate the percentage of atherosclerotic lesion accrued.MethodsThirty-five healthy male adults New Zealand White rabbits were assigned to seven different groups. Four groups were fed 1% cholesterol diet and 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mL of BA fruit juice per kg of rabbit daily (atherogenic groups), while the other three groups were fed commercial rabbit pellet and 0, 0.5, and 1.0 mL of juice per kg of rabbit daily (normocholesterolemic groups) for 90 days. The thoracic and abdominal aorta between the heart origin and bifurcation into iliac arteries of all the rabbits were carefully removed and analyzed accordingly.ResultsThe supplementation of the high-cholesterol diet of hypercholesterolemic rabbits with only 0.5 mL BA/kg rabbit per day significantly (p < 0.001) improved aortic lipid profile, attenuated aortic fatty streak development and reduced intima thickening. Higher BA doses used (1.0 and 1.5 mL/kg rabbit per day) also significantly (p < 0.001) decreased further the development of aortic fatty streaks, reduced the thickening of the tunica intima layer and preserved endothelial healing following arterial injury.ConclusionTherefore, BA fruit is a potential novel functional food with effective anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic and hypocholesterolemic activities.
Highlights
Atherosclerosis is the most common disease of large and medium-sized arteries linked to oxidative stress, dyslipidemia as well as chronic inflammation
Effect of Baccaurea angulata (BA) fruit juice on lipid profile of aorta homogenate The effects of BA juice on the lipid profile of aorta homogenate of various rabbit groups, after 90 days of repeated administration of BA fruit juice, are shown in Table 1 [23]
The aortic oxLDL and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were higher in the positive control group than the experimental atherogenic groups
Summary
Atherosclerosis is the most common disease of large and medium-sized arteries linked to oxidative stress, dyslipidemia as well as chronic inflammation. Atherosclerosis is a complex multi-factorial disease and the major underlying pathology for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death worldwide It is the most common disease of large and medium-sized arteries linked to oxidative stress, dyslipidemia as well as chronic inflammation and characterized by atherosclerotic plaque formation [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Fruit and vegetables are highly rich in dietary fiber, vitamins, and other bioactive phytochemicals Their protective and health benefits against atherosclerosis have long been recognized [3, 5, 15, 16]
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