施加角担子菌B6对连作西瓜土壤微环境和西瓜生长的影响

Abstract

在盆栽条件下,研究了施加角担子菌B6的菌丝对连作西瓜的土壤微生物区系以及产量的影响,以探索西瓜连作障碍的生物防治措施。施加B6的活菌丝(C)显著减少土壤中真菌的数量、增加细菌/放线菌的比例,在西瓜成熟期,与对照(A)和施加灭活的B6菌丝(B)相比,土壤中尖孢镰刀菌(FO)的数量分别减少了29.9%和63.3%。相比对照(A),在成熟期,C处理中土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶的活力分别提高了19.0%、159.0%和31.3%;西瓜超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性分别增加32.7%和4.6%,西瓜根系活力(TTC法)增强46.2%,丙二醛(MDA)含量减少51.4%。与对照(A)和施加灭活B6菌(B)相比,施加B6菌(C)后,西瓜单果重分别增加44.8%和40.9%,总产量分别增加103.8%和64.9%,可溶性糖含量分别增加35.1%和10.0%。施加B6的活菌丝能够通过改善土壤微环境,提高西瓜植株的抵抗力,进而增加产量。;The deterioration of the soil microbial population and the decline of enzyme activity have been regarded as two key factors in the reduction of watermelon yield in long-term continual watermelon cropping systems. To replicate the watermelon cropping system as much as possible, a surface layer (50-200 mm depth) of an Ultisol was sampled from a 3 year-old continuously cropped upland watermelon site, at the Red Soil Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yongzhou, Hunan Province (N26°45',E111°53'). Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the addition of <em>Ceratobasidium stevensii</em> B6 on watermelon (<em>Citrullus lanatus</em>) yield (and the associated soil microflora) to study biological control measures for a long-term continual watermelon cropping system. Three treatments were used a control (A), an inactivated B6 mycelia (B) and an activated B6 mycelia treatment (C). At the harvest stage, the application of living B6 mycelia (Treatment C) significantly reduced the number of soil fungal colony forming units (CFU) by 17%, but the quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes increased by 2.2 and 0.4 fold respectively, compared with the control (A). For the treatment using the activated B6 mycelia (C), the quantity of <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> (FO) in the soil at the harvest stage decreased by 29.9% and 63.3% compared with the control (A) and the inactivated B6 mycelia (B) respectively. Meanwhile, the activities of soil urease, sucrase and polyphenol oxidase were enhanced by 19.0%, 159.0% and 31.3% in treatment C compared with treatment A, respectively. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in the watermelon leaves also increased by 32.7% and 4.6% when compared with treatment A, respectively. In other words, the activated B6 mycelia significantly induced a systemic resistance of watermelons to the invasion of FO. Furthermore, in contrast with treatment A, root activities in treatment C were increased by 46.2% while the malonaldehyde content (MDA) in the leaves was reduced by 51.4%. Compared with the control (A) and inactivated B6 mycelia (B), the individual fruit weight increased by 44.8% and 40.9% respectively in the treatment where activated B6 mycelia were added. Total yield was also increased by 103.8% and 64.9%, respectively. The soluble sugar content of the fruit likewise was increased by 35.1% and 10.0% for treatment C when compared with the other treatments. Although the differences in the vitamin C concentration of the watermelon fruit between all the treatments was not significant, the quality of the watermelons in treatment C was improved, as evidenced by an increase in the soluble sugar content. These results suggested that the addition of the activated B6 mycelia for improving the soil microenvironment and to increase the watermelon yield has promise, and may be able to be commercially used in the future; hence, further research is required on the mechanisms involved.