B

Abstract

Abstract B type See eidetic imagery. B1 Thiamine (q.v.). B6 Pyridoxine (q.v.). B12 The vitamin cyanocobalamin, a precursor of the coenzymes methylcobalamin and 5-deoxy-adenosylcobalamin, which are needed for cell growth and replication and for the maintenance of myelin in the nervous system. See posterolateral sclerosis. babbling A form of speech preceding articulate speech, characterized by sound combinations devoid of meaning. See language acquisition. Babcock sentence(s) Any of the statements suggested by Babcock (1930) to test a subject ‘s ability to learn new information and reproduce it immediately. One that is frequently used is: One thing a nation must have to become rich and great is a large secure supply of wood. Babinski reflex Described by Babinski in 1898 and 1903, as extension of the toes instead of flexion when stimulating the sole of the foot. Great toe extension may also be elicited by other tests—see Chaddock reflex, Gordon reflex, Oppenheim reflex. Babinski-Nageotte syndrome (Joseph François Felix Babinski, Paris physician 1857–1932, and Jean Nageotte, Paris histologist, 1866–1948) A bulbar syndrome produced by scattered lesions of the glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory (bulbar portion), and trigeminal nerves. Symptoms are homolateral paralysis of the tongue, pharynx, and larynx; homolateral loss of taste in posterior tongue; homolateral Horner syndrome; homolateral loss of pain and temperature sense in the face; homolateral asynergia and ataxia with a tendency to fall to the side of the lesion; contralateral hemiplegia, and contralateral dissociate hemianesthesia with loss of pain and temperature sense but preservation of touch and pressure.