B-type natriuretic peptide is associated with the occurrence of bleeding events in heart failure patients with a history of coronary artery disease

Abstract

Background: Bleeding risk in heart failure (HF) patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) has not yet been fully investigated. Methods: We analyzed the data of 677 patients with a previous history of CAD who were hospitalized for HF. The patients were divided into three groups based on the tertiles of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels: Low, Middle, and High BNP groups (n = 225, 226, and 226, respectively). The primary endpoint was post-discharge bleeding events, which was defined as hemorrhagic stroke and gastrointestinal bleeding. Results: The High BNP group was the oldest (Low, Middle, High, 67.0, 74.0, and 75.0 years, respectively; p < 0.001), showed the lowest left ventricular ejection fraction (56.0%, 50.7%, and 40.3%, respectively; p < 0.001), and contained more patients at high bleeding risk (HBR) defined by the simplified version of the Academic Research Consortium for High Bleeding Risk (ARC-HBR) definition (65.3%, 85.4%, and 93.8%, respectively, p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that post-discharge bleeding events occurred most frequently in the High BNP group (log-rank p = 0.008). In the Cox proportional hazard analysis, compared to the Low BNP group as a reference, the High BNP group was independently associated with bleeding events after adjustment for age, sex, simplified ARC-HBR definition, and left ventricular ejection fraction (hazard ratio 3.208, 95% confidence interval 1.078–9.544, p = 0.036). Conclusions: High BNP is associated with bleeding events in HF patients with a history of CAD.