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Abstract
Novel amorphous mesoporous borosilicate, B-TUD-1, was prepared to test its performance for different sustainable reactions. The structure of the material, the effective incorporation of boron into the framework as well as the nature of incorporated boron were verified by N2-sorption, XRD, ICP-OES, TEM, NH3-desorption, MAS NMR and FTIR. The potential of these materials as catalysts was tested in two reactions under different conditions. They showed an apparently good activity and recycling potential for HMF (5-hydroxymethyl-furfural) synthesis. However leaching of boron occurred during this aqueous reaction. We could demonstrate that the leached boron was actually the catalyst of the reaction. In a second reaction, this time in organic solvent, the B-TUD-1 materials were tested for the Prins cyclisation of citronellal. A very promising activity was obtained. The catalyst could be recycled and no boron leached, as demonstrated by hot filtration experiments.
Highlights
Heterogeneous catalysts were widely studied during the last few years, in particular for the development of sustainable processes
B-TUD-1, was prepared to test its performance for different sustainable reactions
The structure of the material, the effective incorporation of boron into the framework as well as the nature of incorporated boron were verified by N2-sorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), transmission electron micrographs (TEM), NH3-desorption, MAS NMR and FTIR
Summary
Heterogeneous catalysts were widely studied during the last few years, in particular for the development of sustainable processes. While representing powerful catalysts, they have the additional advantage that they are recyclable and lead to signi cant reductions of waste. In this context, TUD-1 materials were developed. TUD-1 has been successfully functionalized with numerous incorporated metals (Al, Ti, Co, Fe, V, Cr, Mo, Hf, Ga, Ni, Mn, Zr and Cu) aiming at a variety of catalytic properties.[4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29] Surprisingly, the incorporation of B, in the same group as Al, was never investigated
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