Abstract
We use an atomistic spin model derived from density functional theory calculations for the ultra-thin film Pd/Fe/Ir(111) to show that temperature induces coexisting non-zero skyrmion and antiskyrmion densities. We apply the parallel tempering Monte Carlo method in order to reliably compute thermodynamical quantities and the B–T phase diagram in the presence of frustrated exchange interactions. We evaluate the critical temperatures using the topological susceptibility. We show that the critical temperatures depend on the magnetic field in contrast to previous work. In total, we identify five phases: spin spiral, skyrmion lattice, ferromagnetic phase, intermediate region with finite topological charge and paramagnetic phase. To explore the effect of frustrated exchange interactions, we calculate the B–T phase diagram, when only effective exchange parameters are taken into account.
Highlights
Chiral magnetic spin structures, such as magnetic skyrmions [1], have received a lot of interest since they are possible candidates as bits in data storage [2,3,4,5,6]
B–T phase diagram We summarize the information of the transition temperatures the heat capacity (Tc), TáQ ñ,1 and TáQ ñ,2 in a B–T phase diagram which is shown in figure 8(a) for the case of frustration of exchange (JDFT), where we plot the mean topological charge áQñ as contour lines
We calculate the B–T phase diagram when only an effective exchange parameter is taken into account (Jeff) which is shown in figure 8(b)
Summary
Chiral magnetic spin structures, such as magnetic skyrmions [1], have received a lot of interest since they are possible candidates as bits in data storage [2,3,4,5,6]. Magnetic skyrmions are localized non-collinear spin-textures with a unique rotational sense which defines their chirality. The winding of the magnetization can be described by an integer topological charge which is called skyrmion number Q [7]: ò Q = 1 4p m · ⎛ ⎜ ⎝ ¶m ¶x ¶m ¶y ⎞ ⎟ ⎠ dxdy, (1)
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