Abstract
Within the genus Prochilodus Agassiz, 1829, five species are known to carry B chromosomes, i.e. chromosomes beyond the usual diploid number that have been traditionally considered as accessory for the genome. Chromosome microdissection and mapping of repetitive DNA sequences are effective tools to assess the DNA content and allow a better understanding about the origin and composition of these elements in an array of species. In this study, a novel characterization of B chromosomes in Prochilodus costatus Valenciennes, 1850 (2n=54) was reported for the first time and their sequence complementarity with the supernumerary chromosomes observed in Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836) and Prochilodus argenteus Agassiz, 1829 was investigated. The hybridization patterns obtained with chromosome painting using the micro B probe of P. costatus and the satDNA SATH1 mapping made it possible to assume homology of sequences between the B chromosomes of these congeneric species. Our results suggest that the origin of B chromosomes in the genus Prochilodus is a phylogenetically old event.
Highlights
Supernumerary or B chromosomes are dispensable genomic elements found in approximately 15% of eukaryotes (Camacho et al 2000)
Supernumerary elements were reported in five species: Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836), Prochilodus brevis Steindachner, 1874, Prochilodus nigricans Agassiz, 1829, Prochilodus mariae Eigenmann, 1922, and Prochilodus argenteus Agassiz, 1829 (Pauls and Bertollo 1983, 1990, Venere et al 1999, Oliveira et al 2003, Penitente et al 2015); information regarding the origin, molecular content, and populational dynamics of these B chromosomes are restricted to P. lineatus (Maistro et al 2000, Jesus et al 2003, Artoni et al 2006, Voltolin et al 2010, 2013a, Penitente et al 2013)
We described the occurrence of B chromosomes in P. costatus for the first time and performed a comparative analysis with other B chromosome systems found in P. lineatus and P. argenteus using chromosome painting and mapping of SATH1 satDNA
Summary
Supernumerary or B chromosomes are dispensable genomic elements found in approximately 15% of eukaryotes (Camacho et al 2000). Supernumerary elements were reported in five species: Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836), Prochilodus brevis Steindachner, 1874, Prochilodus nigricans Agassiz, 1829, Prochilodus mariae Eigenmann, 1922, and Prochilodus argenteus Agassiz, 1829 (Pauls and Bertollo 1983, 1990, Venere et al 1999, Oliveira et al 2003, Penitente et al 2015); information regarding the origin, molecular content, and populational dynamics of these B chromosomes are restricted to P. lineatus (Maistro et al 2000, Jesus et al 2003, Artoni et al 2006, Voltolin et al 2010, 2013a, Penitente et al 2013).
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