Abstract
Ganoderma is a medicinal that has been used for years for treatment of various diseases. Ganoderma was considered as mushroom of immortality in traditional Chinese medicine and was used to cure many diseases including cancer. Over the last 50 years, phytochemical studies led to isolation of more than 500 secondary metabolites from various Ganoderma species including lanostanes, triterpenes, meroterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, hydroquinones, steroids, alkaloids and polysaccharides. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that Ganoderma mushrooms possess a wide range of biological activities, including anticancer, antihyperlipidemic, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiplatelet aggregation, antiplasmodial, and antiviral activity. This review summarizes bioactive compounds isolated from different species of Ganoderma. The isolated compounds were tested for their anti-tumor in vitro activities in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Ergosterol peroxide showed selective inhibition of MCF-7 (ER +ve) cell lines relative to MDA-MB-231 (ER -ve) cell lines with an IC50 of 12.9 µM and 91 µM respectively.
Highlights
IntroductionGanoderma is a genus of polypore mushrooms that belongs to the kingdom of fungi, division of Basidiomycota, family
Ganoderma is a genus of polypore mushrooms that belongs to the kingdom of fungi, division of Basidiomycota, familyPolyporaceae (Ganodermataceae)
Triterpenoids are the main secondary metabolites isolated from the methanol, ethanol and chloroform extracts of the spores, mycelia and fruiting bodies of Ganoderma mushroom (Lu et al, 2004; Lee et al, 2010)
Summary
Ganoderma is a genus of polypore mushrooms that belongs to the kingdom of fungi, division of Basidiomycota, family. It includes about 80 species, many of them from tropical regions (Richter et al, 2015). Ganoderma can be differentiated from other polypores because they have a double-walled basidiospore. They are popularly referred to as shelf mushrooms or bracket fungi (Kirk et al, 2008). Ganoderma is a wood degrading mushroom with hard fruiting body. It is not listed among edible mushrooms because its fruiting body is thick, corky and tough. Species of Ganoderma that were subjected to phytochemical investigation of their. El-Sherif et al secondary metabolites and biological activities include Ganoderma lucidum, G. applanatum, G. colossum, G. sinense, G. cochlear, G. tsugae, G. amboinense, G. orbiforme, G. resinaceum, G. hainanense, G. concinna, G. pfeifferi, G. neojaponicum, G. australe, G. fornicatum, G. lipsiense, , G. boninense, G. capense and G. annulare
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