Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common, chronic, systemic autoimmune disease, and its clinical features are the proliferation of joint synovial tissue, the formation of pannus and the destruction of cartilage. The global incidence of RA is about 1%, and it is more common in women. The basic feature of RA is the body’s immune system disorders, in which autoreactive CD4+T cells, pathogenic B cells, M1 macrophages, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and autoantibodies abnormally increase in the body of RA patients B cell depletion therapy has well proved the important role of B cells in the pathogenesis of RA, and the treatment of RA with B cells as a target has also been paid more and more attention. Although the inflammatory indicators in RA patients receiving B-cell depletion therapy have been significantly improved, the risk of infection and cancer has also increased, which suggests that we need to deplete pathogenic B cells instead of all B cells. However, at present we cannot distinguish between pathogenic B cells and protective B cells in RA patients. In this review, we explore fresh perspectives upon the roles of B cells in the occurrence, development and treatment of RA.
Highlights
Reviewed by: Changrong Ge, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Sweden Nathalie Balandraud, Assistance publique des hopitaux de Marseille AP-HM, France
In addition to plasma cells, tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) have a large number of anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) and rheumatoid factor (RF), so TLTs contribute to the production of autoantibodies in the synovium [8, 9] (Figure 1)
Mahendra et al found that the combination of amphiregulin (AREG) produced by B cells and ACPA will further lead to osteoclast differentiation, which is the first comprehensive study on the transcriptome profile of ACPA-specific B cells and will serve as a resource to further investigate the role of autoreactive B cells in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [53]
Summary
Fengping Wu 1†, Jinfang Gao 2†, Jie Kang 3, Xuexue Wang 3, Qing Niu 1, Jiaxi Liu 3 and Liyun Zhang 2*. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common, chronic, systemic autoimmune disease, and its clinical features are the proliferation of joint synovial tissue, the formation of pannus and the destruction of cartilage. The basic feature of RA is the body’s immune system disorders, in which autoreactive CD4+T cells, pathogenic B cells, M1 macrophages, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and autoantibodies abnormally increase in the body of RA patients B cell depletion therapy has well proved the important role of B cells in the pathogenesis of RA, and the treatment of RA with B cells as a target has been paid more and more attention. The inflammatory indicators in RA patients receiving B-cell depletion therapy have been significantly improved, the risk of infection and cancer has increased, which suggests that we need to deplete pathogenic B cells instead of all B cells.
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