Abstract
Leptoquarks provide some of the simplest explanations to the hints of lepton flavor non-universality in $B$ decays. In particular, a new confining gauge group can provide a natural and appealing origin for the leptoquarks. So far, direct collider searches have been based on two body decays, namely to a quark and a lepton. We study how composite dynamics can give rise to additional states resulting in modified collider signatures of leptoquarks, as well as new production modes in cascade decays of heavier states. Instead of the standard signature, each leptoquark can result in as many as four jets and a lepton. We reinterpret relevant ATLAS and CMS searches to set limits on this scenario, show how this can relax the current bounds, and propose ways to better constrain this class of models in the future. For example, we show that a leptoquark related to the $R_{D^{(*)}}$ anomaly could still be as light as 500 GeV.
Highlights
Some of the most long-standing hints of physics beyond the standard model (SM) are found in decays of B mesons [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
Multiple independent measurements at BABAR, Belle and LHCb have been made that are in tension with lepton flavor universality, the principle that SM weak bosons couple universally to leptons of different generations
These include discrepancies in the charged current process B → DðÃÞlν, which in the standard model is mediated by the W at tree level, as well as the neutral current process B → KðÃÞlþl−
Summary
Some of the most long-standing hints of physics beyond the standard model (SM) are found in decays of B mesons [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. The additional states leads to new production mechanisms of leptoquarks, through cascade decays of other composite states These processes can significantly alter bounds on leptoquarks, and provide new signal regions to search for these models. We note that new decay modes have been frequently considered in the context of leptoquarks (e.g., [44]) These often involve new particles put in by hand, and we have not noted any work (apart from the recent analysis in [45]) which uses the other states which are naturally produced by compositeness models
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