Abstract
Abstract Objective To investigate whether post-concussion symptomology differs between the following sports: basketball, cheerleading, soccer, and volleyball. Method A multivariate ANCOVA was conducted between the four sports, basketball, cheer, soccer, and volleyball, on post-concussion symptom reporting. Sex, handedness, age, level of education, number of concussions, past psychiatric treatment, and diagnosis of ADHD, autism, and dyslexia were controlled for. The basketball group (N = 86, 37.3% male, 62.7% female, Mage = 19.89). The cheerleading group (N = 78, 22.9% male, 77.1% female, Mage = 19.73). The soccer group (N = 160, 44% male, 56.0% female, Mage = 19.47). The volleyball group (N = 52, 100% female, Mage = 19.47). Post-hoc analyses were conducted to see which sports significantly differed in symptom reporting. Results There were significant differences in post-concussion symptom reporting between the four sports on symptoms of “balance problems” (p = 0.018, ηp2 = 0.027), “trouble falling asleep” (p = 0.002, ηp2 = 0.040), and “sleeping less than usual” (p = 0.005, ηp2 = 0.035). Post-hoc analysis revealed that volleyball players had significantly higher reports of balance problems when compared to basketball players. Cheerleaders had significantly higher reports of “trouble falling asleep” than basketball, soccer, and volleyball players. Cheerleaders had significantly higher reports of “sleeping less than usual” when compared to basketball and soccer players following a concussion. Discussion The study revealed that concussion symptoms vary depending on the sport, likely due to differences in mechanics, collision frequency, and protective measures. This emphasizes the need for customized concussion management for athletes in different sports to enhance safety and well-being..
Published Version
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