Azimuthal Harmonics in Small and Large Collision Systems at RHIC Top Energies.

J Adam,S Siejka,S Heppelmann,A Kechechyan,A Bhasin,Z Ahammed,Y Zhang,S Fazio,H Pei,A Behera,A Harlenderova,N Chankova-Bunzarova,Y Li,L Zhang,S Singha,A Kisiel,A Jentsch,S Horvat,C Perkins,A Vossen,Md Nasim,W Solyst,C Zhou,Y Liu,S Kagamaster,T Nonaka,J Zhang,I Bunzarov,J Bryslawskyj,F Wang,R Esha,I Vassiliev,A Ogawa,G Agakishiev,M Nie,V Bairathi,G Igo,M Zyzak,Y Wang,O Rusnakova,D Grosnick,N Yu,R Bellwied,Z Zhang,J Pluta,J Porter,N Magdy,W Xie,O Matonoha,H Wieman,G Odyniec,C Kim,A Attri,T Todoroki,L Ruan,F Liu,M Shao,C Markert,Y Fisyak,S Mioduszewski,L Ma,G Contin,Z Tang,N Shah,T Galatyuk,R Reed,T Lin,S Luo,X Chen,N Elsey,Y Liang,P Federicova,M Cherney,Q Yang,K Kauder,A Hamed,C Li,I Upsal,F-H Chang,W Christie,A Gibson,P Wang,A Quintero,B Surrow,S Das,J Seger,Z Chang,J Lidrych,G Wang,L Holub,L Krauth,L Didenko,S Trentalange,D Keane,W Li,B Tu,H Caines,B Srivastava,B Summa,Z Xu,S Zhang,M Calderón De La Barca Sánchez,J Putschke,N Kulathunga,G Eppley,W Zha,Y Sun,O Eyser,I Chakaberia,S Salur,A Lipiec,X Zhu,J Cheng,T Ullrich,R Majka,M Posik,C Yang,E Finch,J Lauret,R Lacey,Y Panebratsev,N Xu,F Shen,M Tokarev,L Yi,J Jia,P Liu,J Ewigleben,M Simko,D Tlusty,J Kvapil,S Margetis,K Jiang,D Cebra,A Gupta,R Aoyama,S Ramachandran,D Arkhipkin,A Hirsch,R Witt,H Zbroszczyk,A Aparin,H Liu,R Ma,L Kochenda,M Lomnitz,G Nigmatkulov,N Herrmann,X Huang,T Huang,L Kumar,E Shahaliev,M Sergeeva,J Sandweiss,P Tribedy,K Krueger,D Kapukchyan,P Filip,Y Guo,J Engelage,J Zhao,D Smirnov,R Seto,S Kabana,B Pawlik,I Mooney,P Seyboth,K Yip,X Ju,D Mishra,Z Liu,X Luo,L Adamczyk,R Fatemi,C Dilks,A Lebedev,N Schmitz,A Chatterjee,X Dong,F Videbæk,B Huang,G Van Buren,A Taranenko,G Xie,T Sugiura,W Guryn,R Pak,K Kang,P Chaloupka,O Evdokimov,P Sorensen,L He,L Wen,S Yang,F Seck,P Huo,D Olvitt,S Chattopadhyay,R Sikora,M Strikhanov,T Tarnowsky,Z Ye,D Kalinkin,N Smirnov,B Stringfellow,I Kisel,D Mallick,J Butterworth,S Oh,X Li,S Esumi,K Meehan,T Niida,B Mohanty,I Alekseev,S Jowzaee,K Oh,P Federic,D M Anderson ,Yifan Hong ,Д А Морозов ,J C Dunlop ,H M Spinka ,H Z Huang ,Ł Fulek ,Y Xu ,H J Crawford ,J H Lee ,P K Sahu ,D P Kikoła ,P V Shanmuganathan ,A F Kraishan ,G L ,J Bielčík ,M M Aggarwal ,J.b Roberts ,J Vaněk ,J D Negrete ,П Кравцов ,K N Barish ,F J M Geurts ,J K Adkins ,J H Kwasizur ,A A Derevschikov ,M Csanád ,J M Nelson ,Yue Wu ,A K Bhati ,J L Romero ,Q Shou ,P Szymański ,H W Ke ,I K Yoo ,R E Tribble ,E P Sichtermann ,C A Tomkiel ,S S Shi ,W B Schmidke ,G D Westfall ,Q H Xu ,R L Pintér ,J H Chen ,J B Singh ,F G Atetalla ,A Schmah ,J R Adams ,L K Kosarzewski ,J Fedorišin ,D B Nemes ,T Ljubičić ,D N Svirida ,D G Underwood ,A A P Suaide ,T D S Stanislaus ,E G Judd ,M M Mondal ,J Bielčíková ,W W Jacobs ,X P Zhang ,S Vokál ,A V Brandin ,S Huang ,Zhong Chen ,A H Tang ,E C Aschenauer ,B R Schweid ,C A Gagliardi ,Sushanta Tripathy ,R Lednický ,N G Minaev ,N Sahoo ,D S Brown ,C E Flores ,H S Matis ,M Šumbera ,Johann Joachim Schambach ,J H Thomas ,J M Landgraf ,J C Mei ,J Rusňák ,M U Ashraf ,W J Llope ,V Okorokov ,David J Stewart ,Raghav Kunnawalkam Elayavalli ,B S Page ,Xiaozhi Bai ,S W Wissink ,M Przybycień ,I G Bordyuzhin ,G S Averichev ,L V Nogach ,J D Brandenburg ,O D Tsai ,S A Voloshin ,L G Efimov ,S K Radhakrishnan ,R L Ray ,J Mazer ,T J Humanic ,D S Gunarathne ,L C Bland ,A R Timmins ,T G Dedovich ,Xiao Zhang ,J C Webb ,A N Vasiliev ,H.g Ritter ,B K Chan ,W Q Shen ,Z H Zhu ,J L Drachenberg ,A I Hamad ,X M Sun ,R S Longacre ,L Kramárik ,O V Rogachevskiy ,J W Harris ,T A Kinghorn ,I M Deppner ,Y G ,A J Bassill ,M A Lisa ,N K Pruthi ,Yi Yang ,Jun Xu

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.122.172301

Abstract

The first (v_{1}^{fluc}), second (v_{2}), and third (v_{3}) harmonic coefficients of the azimuthal particle distribution at midrapidity are extracted for charged hadrons and studied as a function of transverse momentum (p_{T}) and mean charged particle multiplicity density ⟨N_{ch}⟩ in U+U (sqrt[s_{NN}]=193 GeV), Au+Au, Cu+Au, Cu+Cu, d+Au, and p+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV with the STAR detector. For the same ⟨N_{ch}⟩, the v_{1}^{fluc} and v_{3} coefficients are observed to be independent of the collision system, while v_{2} exhibits such a scaling only when normalized by the initial-state eccentricity (ϵ_{2}). The data also show that ln(v_{2}/ϵ_{2}) scales linearly with ⟨N_{ch}⟩^{-1/3}. These measurements provide insight into initial-geometry fluctuations and the role of viscous hydrodynamic attenuation on v_{n} from small to large collision systems.

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