Abstract
An azimuthal dependence for 1-keV electrons scattered elastically at a fixed polar angle from a beam of free, spatially oriented ${\mathrm{CH}}_{3}\mathrm{Cl}$ molecules prepared by an electrostatic hexapole technique was observed. Pronounced azimuthal distributions with orientation-dependent contributions of several percent were measured, demonstrating that for preferentially perpendicular orientation of the molecules with respect to the electron beam the diffraction pattern is no longer cylindrically symmetrical and reflects directly the orientation and alignment of the scattering state ensemble. The data are compared with model calculations using the independent-atom model and hexapole transmission calculations of the focused rotational state mixtures, taking both the linear and the quadratic Stark effect into account. Inclusion of the second-order Stark effect changes the calculated azimuthal distributions significantly and improves the agreement between experiment and theory.
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