Azimuthal controlling of electromagnetically induced phase grating in five-level quantum systems

Abstract

In this paper, we suggest a theoretical model for creating a two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetically induced phase grating in a five-level quantum system interacting with a weak probe light, two coupling standing light in the x and y directions and a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) field. By derivation of the Maxwell’s wave equation, we obtain the dynamic response of the probe light in the quantum system. Then, we perform the analytical solution of the probe susceptibility for obtaining the linear and nonlinear properties of the medium. By numerical calculations, we discuss the amplitude and phase modulations and Fraunhofer diffraction patterns of the probe light in different parametric conditions. We show that by adjusting the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the LG light a 2D grating is observed. Moreover, we find that the probe energy can be transferred from zero order to high order of direction when we change the OAM number of LG light. Our proposed model may have potential applications in fundamental research and quantum information processing based on OAM light in quantum systems.