Abstract
The azimuth dependence of the cosmic muon charge ratio at sea level was estimated using the Geant4 simulation package. Simulations were separately run at 12 azimuth angles ranging from 0° to 330° with 30° increment. Two hundred thousand proton and alpha particles were randomly distributed over the zenith angle range 30° < θ < 40° at each azimuth angle. The kinetic energy spectra of proton and helium nuclei were taken from the balloon-flight measurements. The atmospheric muon charge ratio was calculated at each azimuthal angle for low energy muons with a mean momentum around 0.5 GeV/c. The Geant4 simulation results have been compared with those of the CORSIKA simulation program and with the WILLI measurements. The simulation results reproduce well the measured east–west effect with a non-zero asymmetry AEW = 0.24. This asymmetry in the charge ratio decreases from 0.37 to 0.19 as the momentum increases from 0.22 to 0.70 GeV/c.
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