Abstract
The effect of azelastine on intracellular cyclic AMP concentration and on various indexes of cell activation was evaluated in guinea-pig alveolar macrophages and in human platelets. The effect of azelastine was further investigated on adenylate cyclase activity using membranes and homogenates from guinea-pig alveolar macrophages. Pretreatment of alveolar macrophages with azelastine prevented the activation induced by PAF-acether and by the chemotactic peptide fMLP as estimated by the reduced liberation of arachidonic acid metabolites formed by the cyclooxygenase and the lipoxygenase pathways. The effect of azelastine was concentration-dependent (50 to 500 μM) and reversible. Similarly, a short pretreatment with azelastine (100 μM) prevented arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation. This effect was also reversible after washing the platelets. In guinea-pig alveolar macrophages, azelastine induced a concentration-dependent (10 to 500 μM) increase in intracellular cyclic AMP and markedly potentiated the increase induced by PGE 2. In human platelets, azelastine alone increased intracellular cyclic AMP concentration marginally only but, as in the case of macrophages, synergized with PGI 2. Azelastine did not activate significantly adenylate cyclase unless a cytosolic factor was included within the membrane fraction. This effect of azelastine was not due to Ca 2+ movements and was not modified by GTP. Our findings show that azelastine interferes with cell activation through a mechanism related to an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP concentration. The increase in cyclic AMP was induced by azelastine in intact cells and in homogenates but not in a crude membrane fraction. Those results indicate that azelastine modifies a cytosolic factor that may be phosphodiesterase. In addition, similarities between the effects of azelastine and those of reference phosphodiesterase inhibitors (theophylline, isobutyl-methyl-xanthine) are shown in this study, suggesting that azelastine might behave as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor.
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