Abstract
Five previously undescribed compounds, including four azaphilones chermesinones D-G (1–4), one new isocoumarin derivative 6,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-3,7-dimethylisochroman-1-one (8), together with four known compounds were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium chermesinum FS625. Their structures were well established by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of all the new compounds were successfully determined by the X-ray crystallography analysis or electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and confirmed by their biosynthetic pathways. Compounds 1–9 were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity. Compounds 2–3, 5, and 7 showed weak inhibitory activity toward nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 values in the range of 69.65–95.84 µM.
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