Axonal Degeneration Induced by Intraneural Injection of Campylobacter jejuni Antiserum Containing High Titer Anti-GM1 Antibody

Abstract

Ganglioside-like structures in CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI ( C. JEJUNI) lipooligosaccharide (LOS) can induce antiganglioside antibodies, which might cause nerve damage. In this study, we injected the following three antisera directly into the sciatic nerve of guinea pigs, to investigate the role of anti-glycolipids antibody in inducing neural injury: (i) the wild strain antiserum, a mixture of the sera obtained from the guinea pigs immunized with C. JEJUNI wild-type strain (HS:19) that had a high titer anti-GM1 IgG antibody (range: 800-6,400; median: 2,400) and a high titer anti-LOS IgG antibody; (ii) the GALE mutant antiserum, a mixture of the sera obtained from the guinea pigs immunized with the GALE mutant strain that had only a high titer anti-LOS IgG antibody but no anti-GM1 antibody; and (iii) the control antiserum, a mixture of the sera obtained from the guinea pigs immunized with Freund's complete adjuvant alone which had no anti-GM1 or anti-LOS IgG antibody. Pathological examinations showed that the wild strain C. JEJUNI antiserum produced axonal degeneration in sciatic nerves. Demyelination was rare, and no inflammatory cells were present. The pathological features are consistent with those seen in human patients with axonal GBS. No such changes were observed in nerves injected with the GALE mutant antiserum. The experiment showed that passive transfer of serum containing high titer GM1 antibody caused axonal degeneration of peripheral nerves. The result, which reproduced our previous findings in an active immunization study, therefore further confirmed the critical role of the anti-glycolipid antibody in the induction of neuropathy.