Abstract
Due to the hybrid confinement effect and reforming effective confinement area, the composite action of square columns is enhanced by utilizing cross-shaped steel on fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tube-confined steel-reinforced columns. These novel hybrid columns are FRP-confined concrete-encased cross-shaped steel columns (FCCSCs). This study adopted flange-broadened cross-shaped steel to develop the potential advantages of FCCSCs. Twenty-two specimens were tested under monotonic and cyclic axial compression, and the test parameters were column form, FRP thickness, cross-shaped steel dimension, and slenderness ratio. FCCSCs with broad steel flanges exhibited high axial load capacity and axial deformability. In addition, increasing the thickness of the flange, web, or FRP tube resulted in stronger hybrid confinement and outperformed strength behavior in confined concrete. Slender FCCSCs presented lower axial capacity and higher lateral deflection. Finally, the calculation method for compressive load capacities of slender FCCSCs is proposed.
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