Axial Chiral Metal Complexes, Carbo- and Heterocycles: Modern Synthesis Strategies and Examples of the Effect of Atropoisomerism on the Structure of Reaction Products

Abstract

This review summarizes the data on the synthesis of novel axially chiral or differently chiral platinum, iridium, and molybdenum complexes, porphyrin derivatives, subphthalocyanine–tetracyanobutadiene conjugates with unique photophysical properties, small carbo(hetero)cyclic and acyclic molecules, and phosphabarrelenes. Synthetic approaches to some atropisomeric representatives of macrocycles and cyclophanes are considered. New examples of cyclizations are presented, where the induction of chiral sites is controlled by the stereoisomerism or axial chirality of the substrate molecules in their reactions with electrophilic, nucleophilic, and radical-forming reagents and metal complexes, as well as in inter- or intramolecular cycloaddition reactions. Attention is also paid to the atroposelective conversion of munchnones generated from ortho-(alkenyl)phenyl-substitutedN-acylglycines, where rotation about the N–Ar bond is hindered.