Axial and Reformatted Four-Chamber Right Ventricle–to–Left Ventricle Diameter Ratios on Pulmonary CT Angiography as Predictors of Death After Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to retrospectively compare right ventricular-to-left ventricular (RV/LV) diameter ratios measured on the standard axial view versus the reformatted four-chamber view as predictors of mortality after acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Six hundred seventy-four consecutive patients (mean age, 58 years; 372 women) with a diagnosis of acute PE on pulmonary CT angiography were considered. The axial and reformatted four-chamber RV/LV diameter ratios were compared as predictors of 30-day all-cause and PE-related mortality. Ninety-seven patients (14%) died within 30 days; 39 deaths were PE related. There was no significant difference in the univariate hazard ratios (HRs) of axial and four-chamber RV/LV diameter ratios greater than 0.9 for both all-cause (HR, 2.13 [95% CI, 1.29-3.51] vs HR, 1.95 [95% CI, 1.22-3.14]; p = 0.74) and PE-related (HR, 19.6 [95% CI, 2.70-143] vs HR, 21.8 [95% CI, 2.99-158]; p = 1.0) mortality. Axial and four-chamber multivariate HRs accounting for potential confounders such as age and cancer were also similar for all-cause (HR, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.07-2.99] vs HR, 1.54 [95% CI, 0.95-2.49]; p = 0.62) and PE-related (HR, 16.3 [95% CI, 2.22-119] vs HR, 17.7 [95% CI, 2.43-130]; p = 1.0) mortality. There was no significant difference in sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, or positive predictive value. Axial and four-chamber measurements were well correlated (correlation coefficient, 0.857), and there was no significant difference in overall accuracy for predicting all-cause (area under the curve [AUC], 0.582 vs 0.577; p = 0.72) and PE-related (AUC, 0.743 vs 0.744; p = 1.0) mortality. The axial RV/LV diameter ratio is no less accurate than the reformatted four-chamber RV/LV diameter ratio for predicting 30-day mortality after PE.