Abstract
BackgroundHypertension, known as the silent killer, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Awareness and treatment of hypertension is not appropriate in the world, and this has led to an increase in mortality and morbidity caused by uncontrolled hypertension. This study aims to estimate awareness, treated, and controlled hypertensive and relevant predictors in an adult Iranian population.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 10,000 adults aged 20–69 years in Yazd, Iran. They were selected through multi-stage random cluster sampling in 2015–2016. Blood pressure was measured three-time with standard protocol by trained health workers. Those with a positive history of hypertension and using anti-hypertensive drugs, prescribed by a physician, were considered hypertensive. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP of ≥90 mmHg. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined in accordance with recommended treatment targets by the Joint National Committee (JNC7). Logistic regression was used to assess the predictors of hypertension awareness, treatment and control.ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension was 37.3%, and the prevalence of pre-hypertension was 46.4%. 49.7% of People with hypertension were aware of their disease, and 71.5% of them were using antihypertensive drugs prescribed by physicians. Blood pressure was controlled in 38.9% of the treated patients. In the adjusted model, older age, female sex, and history of diabetes mellitus were positively associated with higher awareness. High physical activity, tobacco smoking, and diabetes are the only predictors of treated high blood pressure. Younger age, female sex, and higher education were determinants of controlled hypertension. Having health insurance was significantly correlated with awareness and control of hypertension.ConclusionHypertension is a public health problem in this population, which is not well controlled. Half of the patients were unaware. Intervention for increased screening coverage is needed. It should plan to raise public awareness about hypertension and improve hypertension control under the supervision of physicians. Implement a family physician program is recommended in the health system.
Highlights
Hypertension, known as the silent killer, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease
Among the known risk factors for non-communicable diseases, hypertension after high Body Mass Index (BMI), unhealthy diet, and high blood glucose is the fourth risk factor, which has increased by 6.7% from 2005 to 2016 [7]
The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and relevant predicting factors in an adult Iranian population
Summary
Hypertension, known as the silent killer, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. High blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and causes 7.5 million deaths per year (12.8% of all deaths) annually [1]. The prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in various regions of the world has been reported from 4 to 78%. The number of people with HTN in low-middle income countries (1.04 billion) is higher than in developed countries (694 million), which shows an increasing trend from 2000 to 2010(7.7%). It decreased by 2.6% in highincome countries [9,10,11]
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