Awareness for glaucoma in the general population

Abstract

Glaucoma is not arare entity but because very few symptoms occur and visual field defects are frequently first recognized at a late stage, alarge proportion of glaucoma diseases remain undetected. The aim of this study was to identify the proportion of undiagnosed glaucoma in German population-based cohort studies and to contextualize them in the context of the literature. The prevalence of glaucoma in the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) and the age-related investigations on health of the University of Regensburg (AugUR) was evaluated based on visual field examinations and optic disc color photography according to the ISGEO criteria. Furthermore, the self-reported glaucoma diagnoses were collected and the proportion of undiagnosed glaucoma was determined. The proportion of undiagnosed glaucoma was 55% in the GHS, and 53% in the AugUR study. The results correlate with results from previous studies from other countries in which the proportion of unrecognized glaucoma ranged from 33% to 78%. In the GHS and the AugUR study the proportion of undiagnosed glaucoma was higher in younger age groups and in women. Roughly every second case of glaucoma is undetected. As the symptoms are often nonspecific or take a long time to appear, there is arisk of advanced glaucomatous visual field defects or blindness due to a lack of glaucoma awareness. Studies have shown that asystematic screening can halve this risk.