Abstract
Oral cancer is a life-threatening disease. Lack of public awareness is a potent barrier for the early detection of oral cancer, especially for high-risk populations. This study aimed to determine the awareness and knowledge of the signs, symptoms and risk factors of oral cancer among a Siamese ethnic group in Tumpat, Kelantan. A cross-sectional study was conducted, using a guided questionnaire on sociodemography, habits, awareness and knowledge of the signs, symptoms and risk factors of oral cancer. Individuals under 18 years old and who had been diagnosed with oral cancer were excluded from this study. A total of 195 respondents participated, 61.5% were female and the mean age was 46 (1.64). About 41% of the respondents had received secondary education and 35.4% were illiterate. Most respondents were self-employed (21.5%), followed by farmers (19.5%) and housewives (20%). The majority of them had a monthly income that fell below the poverty level of RM 830 (76.9%). Among the respondents, 22.6% had the habit of smoking, 25.6% consumed alcohol, 8.2% were betel quid chewers and 2.6% chewed tobacco. Out of 195 respondents, only 6.7% were aware of oral cancer. About 16.9% of the respondents correctly answered all of the questions regarding the signs and symptoms of oral cancer and only 4.1% knew the risk factors of oral cancer. The awareness and knowledge of oral cancer in this targeted population were unsatisfactory. Future effective health promotion programs and education should be emphasised.
Highlights
22.6% had the habit of smoking, 25.6% consumed alcohol, 8.2% were betel quid chewers and 2.6% chewed tobacco
About 16.9% of the respondents correctly answered all of the questions regarding the signs and symptoms of oral cancer and only 4.1% knew the risk factors of oral cancer
The major risk factors for oral cancer have been established by numerous studies, including smoking, alcohol consumption and betel quid chewing [3]
Summary
The 15th most common cancer globally, is one of the most life-threatening conditions worldwide [1, 2]. The major risk factors for oral cancer have been established by numerous studies, including smoking, alcohol consumption and betel quid chewing [3]. Besides these habitual factors, other factors such as human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, low intake of fruits and vegetables [4] and genetic susceptibility have been shown to influence the pathogenesis of oral cancer [5]. According to a study done in the United States, the 5-year survival rate for early-stage oral cancer is 83% [2]. If the cancer has spread to surrounding tissues or organs and/or the regional lymph nodes, the 5-year survival rate is
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