Awareness and Knowledge of Hepatitis B Vaccination Among Newly Enrolled First-Year Medical Undergraduates in South India: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Abstract

Hepatitis B poses a significant public health risk, particularly for healthcare professionals who face heightened exposure in clinical settings. This study assesses the awareness and knowledge of hepatitis B vaccination among first-year medical undergraduates in their preclinical stage before transitioning to clinical phases. This cross-sectional survey was conducted among newly enrolled first-year medical undergraduate students at a medical college before the commencement of a planned vaccination drive, allowing the institution to assess baseline knowledge and logistical needs for the drive. A self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate students' awareness and understanding of hepatitis B transmission, vaccination, and the occupational risks associated with healthcare work. The data gathered from this survey provided critical insights for optimizing the logistics and educational components of the upcoming vaccination program for the incoming cohort. Among the 126 respondents, there was a slightly higher representation of male participants (53.17%, n=67), while 46.83% (n=59) were females. Awareness of hepatitis B as a highly contagious liver infection was high, with 88.9% of students agreeing or strongly agreeing. The knowledge that hepatitis B is a public health concern and can lead to severe conditions such as liver cancer was similarly prevalent (97.6% and 90.4%, respectively). Most respondents (80.2%) were aware of the heightened risk for healthcare professionals and viewed vaccination as an effective preventive measure (96.1%). Awareness of transmission routes, including contact with infected blood (96%) and unprotected sexual contact (97.6%), was also strong. However, fewer students were informed about the recommended vaccination schedule (63.4%) or the necessity of booster doses for high-risk individuals (70.6%). Additionally, 93.7% believed healthcare workers should be vaccinated, while 88.9% recognized the need for immunity status checks in healthcare settings. Only 16.66% (n=21) reported receiving the hepatitis B vaccine, with 14.28% having completed the full three-dose series, while 2.38% received only one or two doses. A significant portion (62.69%) reported not being vaccinated, and 20.63% were unsure of their vaccination status. Key reasons for incomplete vaccination included lack of awareness about the full series (58.73%), fear of side effects (6.34%), and perceived lack of necessity (7.93%). Access challenges were also noted by 2.38% of students. Only 1.58% of respondents had checked their immunity status through anti-hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) testing. Newly enrolled medical undergraduates show substantial foundational knowledge of hepatitis B and its prevention. However, targeted educational and peer-led initiatives are recommended to bridge the remaining gaps, ensuring future healthcare professionals have comprehensive knowledge for effective hepatitis B prevention. The findings also underscore the need for improved vaccination awareness and accessibility to achieve comprehensive immunization among medical undergraduates.