Abstract
In this study, call detail records (CDR), covering Budapest, Hungary, are processed to analyze the circadian rhythm of the subscribers. An indicator, called wake-up time, is introduced to describe the behavior of a group of subscribers. It is defined as the time when the mobile phone activity of a group rises in the morning. Its counterpart is the time when the activity falls in the evening. Inhabitant and area-based aggregation are also presented. The former is to consider the people who live in an area, while the latter uses the transit activity in an area to describe the behavior of a part of the city. The opening hours of the malls and the nightlife of the party district are used to demonstrate this application as real-life examples. The proposed approach is also used to estimate the working hours of the workplaces. The findings are in a good agreement with the practice in Hungary, and also support the workplace detection method. A negative correlation is found between the wake-up time and mobility indicators (entropy, radius of gyration): on workdays, people wake up earlier and travel more, while on holidays, it is quite the contrary. The wake-up time is evaluated in different socioeconomic classes, using housing prices and mobile phones prices, as well. It is found that lower socioeconomic groups tend to wake up earlier.
Highlights
IntroductionThe mobile phone network, during its operation, constantly communicates with cell phones
The mobile phone network, during its operation, constantly communicates with cell phones. This communication can be divided into two categories: (i) the passive, cellswitching communication that keeps the cell phones ready to use the mobile phone network at any time, and (ii) the active, billed usage of the mobile phone network, including phone calls, text messages or mobile internet usage
This study focuses on the effect of the sleep–wake cycle (SWC) to the city structure
Summary
The mobile phone network, during its operation, constantly communicates with cell phones. This communication can be divided into two categories: (i) the passive, cellswitching communication that keeps the cell phones ready to use the mobile phone network at any time, and (ii) the active, billed usage of the mobile phone network, including phone calls, text messages or mobile internet usage. The call detail records (CDR) collect the latter, containing information about the subscriber, the time of the activity and the place (via the cell), where the activity occurs. In the last few decades, anonymized CDR have become a standard information source for analyzing the characteristics of human mobility. The billed activities of the subscribers are recorded, providing information about the whereabouts of the population. The human mobility analysis, based on this massive information source, is utilized in such fields—
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