Abstract
In underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN), acoustic communication naturally introduces challenges such as long propagation delay and high packet loss. The flooding-based routing protocol can address these challenges with its multipath characteristics. As in flooding-based routing, due to multipath propagation mechanism, not only DATA but also ACK messages are transmitted through multiple routes however still some packet loss will degrade the performance. So, to provide high reliability of message delivery, an efficient retransmission mechanism is inevitable. Though, if the network uses conventional transport layer protocol such as TCP, it will suffer a spurious retransmission problem as TCP was originally not designed for the multipath environment. In this paper, we propose route discrimination for flooding-based routing to reduce spurious retransmission in UWSN to solve the limitation. The notion of ACK copies waiting time (ACWT) is utilized which is selectively updated based on the similarity of paths of transmission of ACK message copies. We also improved our previous solution that lacks flexibility to cope with dynamic link error characteristics. Through evaluation, we verified that our new scheme achieves the performance improvements of 14%~84% in terms of retransmission ratio compared to the previous research.
Highlights
Nowadays, research interest for IoT (Internet for Things) technology has been increased to provide Internet technology to various “Things.” With the support of the IoT techniques, new IoT applications are developed that can make human lives more comfortable
Even though an ACK message is transmitted at the destination, the source node will receive multiple ACK messages which are flooded along different paths
Every node manages information regarding travelled section (TS) field representing the corresponding path followed by the packet, an average round trip time (RTT) of ACK copies received through the corresponding path and an average transmission success rate of ACK copies
Summary
Research interest for IoT (Internet for Things) technology has been increased to provide Internet technology to various “Things.” With the support of the IoT techniques, new IoT applications are developed that can make human lives more comfortable. Similar to software-defined networking architectures, if files which are used to upgrade the sensor node firmware should be transmitted, all sensor nodes have to receive these files and as even one bit of error is not allowed [14] To support this packet transmission, reliable transport protocols which can detect the packet loss and support packet retransmission operation are required over the flooding-based routing protocols. As mentioned above, IoUT devices use the flooding-based routing protocols which transmit packets (both of data and ACK) along multipaths Over these routing protocols, even though an ACK message is transmitted at the destination, the source node will receive multiple ACK messages which are flooded along different paths.
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