Abstract
Book reviewed in this article: Justus D. Doenecke, Storm on the Horizon: The Challenge to American Intervention, 1939–1941 “History,” Justus Doenecke notes in this volume, “has not been kind to the anti-interventionists of 1939–1941” (p. 323). That may be a gross understatement. At best, they have been perceived as simply wrong in their assessments and conclusions; at worst, as ignorant fools and/or Fascist sympathizers. Seldom, if ever, in American history has a major, popular movement been so thoroughly and quickly discredited. Why did this occur? Certainly President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s efforts to discredit those who opposed his policies played a role. Equally important, if not more so, were the impact of the Pearl Harbor attack on American beliefs regarding international relations, the ensuing decision to embrace internationalism, and the global conflict with the Soviet Union that followed World War II. As a result many former anti-interventionists (most notably, but far from exclusively, Senator Arthur Vandenberg) renounced their prewar beliefs. Those who did not soon found themselves irrelevant to ensuing discussions and debates regarding U.S. foreign policy.
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