Abstract
ABSTRACT The ramp up signals of gravitational waves appearing in the numerical simulations could be important signals to estimate parameters of the protoneutron star (PNS) at supernova explosions. To identify the signals with PNS oscillations, we make a linear perturbation analysis and compare the resultant eigenfrequencies with the ramp up signals obtained via the 2D numerical simulations. Then, we find that the ramp up signals correspond well to the g1-mode in the early phase and to the f-mode, to which the g1-mode is exchanged via the avoided crossing. We also confirm that the f- and g1-modes are almost independent of the selection of the PNS surface density in the later phase after core bounce. In addition, we successfully find that the fitting formula of g1- and f-modes, which correspond to the ramp up signals in the numerical simulation, as a function of the PNS average density. That is, via the direct observation of the gravitational waves after supernova explosion, one could extract the time evolution of the PNS average density using our fitting formula.
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