Avoidance of future singularities in loop quantum cosmology

Abstract

We consider the fate of future singularities in the effective dynamics of loop quantum cosmology. Nonperturbative quantum geometric effects which lead to ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{2}$ modification of the Friedmann equation at high energies result in generic resolution of singularities whenever energy density $\ensuremath{\rho}$ diverges at future singularities of Friedmann dynamics. Such quantum effects lead to the avoidance of a big rip, which is followed by a recollapsing universe stable against perturbations. Resolution of sudden singularity, the case when pressure diverges but energy density approaches a finite value depends on the ratio of the latter to a critical energy density of the order of the Planck value. If the value of this ratio is greater than unity, the universe escapes the sudden future singularity and becomes oscillatory.