AVOCADO SEEDLINGS MULTIPLE STEMS PRODUCTION

Marcus Vinicius Sandoval Paixão,Caroline Merlo Meneghelli,José Carlos Lopes,Rodrigo Sobreira Alexandre,Edilson Romais Schmildt

doi:10.1590/0100-29452016221

Marcus Vinicius Sandoval Paixão, Caroline Merlo Meneghelli + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452016221

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Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the potential of multi-stems in avocado seeds according to their mass as well as the adventitious rooting of multi-stem budding with or without the use of auxin. The research was carried out at the Vegetation House of Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Campus Santa Teresa -ES, with seeds of different masses: <60 g, 61 to 80 g, 81 to 100 g and >100 g, in which each experimental unit was made of five seeds, distributed within five repetitions, under a completely randomized design. The seeds were put to germinate and the percentage number of emergence and multiple stems were evaluated. After 150 days, the following evaluations were carried out: survival of rooted cuttings; number of leaves; stem diameter; root length; root volume; root and shoot fresh mass; root and shoot dry mass; shoot height; absolute growth and shoot growth rate; shoot dry weight/root dry mass ratio; shoot height/stem diameter ratio; shoot height/root length and Dickson's quality index ratio. Avocado seeds with mass over 100 g and between 81-100 g presented higher percentage of multiple stems. Rods over 20 cm that were not treated with IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) resulted on avocado plants of better quality. The use of IBA (2000 mg L-1) does not affect the rooting and growth of avocado's multi-stem plants.

Highlights

The avocado belongs to the Lauraceae family and is cultivated in all tropical and subtropical regions of the world, in Mexico, Indonesia, the United States, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Peru and Ethiopia
Oliveira et al (2010) conclude by the anatomical studies of the embryonic axis that the vascular bundles come from a single embryo, occurring the branching of the Epicotyl in the collar, originating multiple stems in the avocado seed, characterizing as multi-stem and not polyembryony
The results found by Oliveira et al (2010) supported the results obtained in this study, in which the higher multistem percentage occurred in the masses over 100 g (64%), but without statistically differ from seeds with masses between 81 and 100 g (52%) (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

The avocado belongs to the Lauraceae family and is cultivated in all tropical and subtropical regions of the world, in Mexico, Indonesia, the United States, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Peru and Ethiopia. The differences in harvest yields between the states are due to the cultivation forms, cultural tract, and beyond the diversity of cultivars according to consumer preferences in different regions (VALE, 2010; FAO, 2013). At the beginning and during many years, the avocado commercial culture in Brazil occurred due to the acquisition of great numbers of hybrid by seminiferal propagation and today they are cultivated with monoembryonic seeds, generating different plants (VALE, 2010). The avocado has only one embryo, there were doubts and disagreements on the number of avocado embryos, which was later found the occurrence of multi-stems, in other words, there is the occurrence of multiple stems from a single embryo axis (OLIVEIRA et al, 2010)

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