Abstract
Gastroallergic anisakiasis (GAA) and Anisakis-sensitization-associated chronic urticaria (CU+) differ with respect to specific IgE levels. We hypothesised different immunoglobulin avidities in both entities as well as their dependence on TI and fish consumption. 16 patients with GAA and 17 patients with CU+ were included, and immunoglobulin levels were analysed by CAP (Phadia). IgE and IgG avidity indexes (AvIgE and AvIgG, resp.) were also determined. IgG avidity was higher in GAA than in CU+ (P = 0.035), whereas there was a tendency to lower IgE avidity in GAA (P = 0.095). When analysing all patients, AvIgG was positively correlated with specific IgE, IgG, and IgG4 as well as total IgE (Rho between 0.66 and 0.71; P < 0.002), but AvIgE was negatively correlated with specific IgE (Rho −0.57; P < 0.001), specific IgG4 (Rho −0.38; P < 0.05), and total IgE (Rho 0.66; P < 0.001). In GAA, weekly fish consumption was positively associated with AvIgE (Rho 0.51; P = 0.05). A multivariate regression showed that time interval was the main explaining factor for AvIgE in GAA. We could show a differential behaviour of immunoglobulin isotype avidities in both entities and their dependence on fish-eating habits as well as on the time elapsed to the last parasitic episode.
Highlights
Anisakis simplex is a fish parasite of worldwide distribution, whose third stage larva can be present in a huge number of marine teleost fishes
We could show a differential behaviour of immunoglobulin isotype avidities in both entities and their dependence on fish-eating habits as well as on the time elapsed to the last parasitic episode
Even if the parasitic episode is always short-lived for mainly some hours, but maximally for a few days, as has been documented by gastroscopic findings in Gastroallergic anisakiasis (GAA), the immune stimulation, as witnessed by its humoral response, reaches its peak after four to six weeks and IgE is detectable in human sera or can be shown by skin prick tests (SPT) for more than ten years [5]
Summary
Anisakis simplex is a fish parasite of worldwide distribution, whose third stage larva can be present in a huge number of marine teleost fishes. Whereas IgE production is an evolutionary-maintained immunologic feature in mammals and can be verified in all cases of human parasitic forms by this nematode, the allergenic potential has been an emerging health concern in the last years, giving rise to a large number of studies searching for proteins able to stimulate a specific IgE response [2, 3]. Even if the parasitic episode is always short-lived for mainly some hours, but maximally for a few days, as has been documented by gastroscopic findings in GAA, the immune stimulation, as witnessed by its humoral response, reaches its peak after four to six weeks and IgE is detectable in human sera or can be shown by skin prick tests (SPT) for more than ten years [5]
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