Aviation and Climate Change: Challenges and the Way Forward

Abstract

There is a broad scientific consensus that the phenomenon of global warming is very likely driving a global climate change. There is also a developing understanding that climate change and air transport have a two-way relationship. This paper aims to identify the possible impacts of climate change on the aviation sector and to discuss adaptation plans that will address the vulnerabilities and will ensure safe aviation-related operations. Climate change is known to cause disruptions in airport operations due to greater and more frequent temperature extremes and changes in precipitation and wind that are very possible to demand increased take-off distances and decreased climb rates. Extreme rainfall and rising sea levels may threaten coastal and low-lying airports with flooding. Changes in biodiversity and wildlife patterns intensify the bird strike hazard. Disruptions also occur in air operations. Increasingly frequent extreme weather events are responsible for air traffic delays. Changing atmospheric patterns and icing conditions challenge aircraft performance and rise flight duration and flight costs. The above risks may have a direct impact on travel and tourism, affecting destination favorability and the duration of the tourism season. All the above concerns call for urgent actions from the policymakers and the industry. Adaptation measures include the development of risk-assessment frameworks and action plans for the major stakeholders, technology advancements to deal with gas emissions and oil depletion, long-range infrastructure planning and investment, the introduction of climate-related regulations, as well as raising awareness and promoting collaboration as key steps in building climate change resilience for the global aviation sector.