Avian vs mammalian societies, as viewed from socio-ecological analysis

Abstract

This paper was first planned in 1971 and was written in 1975 (marking the author's age of 60th) to compare avian and mammalian based on socio-ecological and -ethological analyses, independently of Wilson's Sociobiology (1975); with the following contents:I sociology1. Animal societies: its two viewpointsa. Phenotypic sociology b. Functional sociology2. Animal societies: its functional analysis3. Animal societies: its evolutiona. Origin and functional evolution b. Phenotypic evolutionII. Avian and mammalian societies1. Comparative characteristics2. Evolutionary retrospects3. Distributional property4. Life diversificationa. Mammalian b. Avian5. Behavioral diversificationa. Brain structure b. Brain function c. Instincts and intelligence b. Instinctive grades: 1) Physiological (individual or maintenance) behaviors 2) Social behaviors (a) Instinctive reflex beh. (= IRM) (Primary inst. beh.) b) Instinctive responding beh. (Secondary inst. beh.) c) Mental instinct-controlling beh. (Tertiary inst. beh.) d) Psychological reflex beh. (Spiritual shock beh.) e) Mental instinct-suppressing beh. (reductive inst. beh.) f) Learning g) Imprinting h) Tool-using i) Coopreative behaviorIII. Social development1. Flock-vs family-base life2. Dominance and leadership3. Individual and population (groups)4. Group-making propertya. Avian group life: 1) Family group 2) Areal group 3) Group territory 4) Colonyb. Mammalian group life c. Human group life5. On group selectionIV. PostscriptThe avian and mammalian societies, despite common general physiology, have evolved toward basically aerial-diurnal and terrestrial-nocturnal contrasted lives.The avian society is aberrantly specialized and could be neglected from the quadrupedal evolutionary line leading to mammalian society, but the avian flock-based, monogamous social structure with sexual cooperative division of work and the mammalian mother-filial family-based, polygynous, despotic and graded social structure, are compounded in the human society, which, beside this biological social base, is put under artificial restraint and constraint of laws, religions, ideologies of nations (or races). With this contradictions, the world human societies inevitably contiune their cooperative efforts, but with endless competition.