Abstract
To better understand natural regeneration of trees and forest dynamics it is important to gain insight into the drivers of invertebrate herbivory. In mature forests, associational resistance of trees resulting from a high diversity of neighbouring trees is common, and can have cascading effects on tree growth through resource concentration effects or through changes in top-down control. While the underlying biological processes are known to be influenced by the forest’s spatial properties, we lack insights on how resource concentration, top-down control and fragmentation jointly affect sapling performance in fragmented landscapes. We therefore experimentally quantified effects of the proportion of conspecific trees in the overstorey (resource concentration), avian top-down control (natural enemies) and distance to the forest edge on invertebrate herbivory levels and sapling growth. The assessments were made on planted saplings of Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur and Quercus rubra in 53 experimental plots and birds were excluded by means of exclosures from a subset of these saplings. Excluding avian top-down control increased herbivory on each tree species. Increased herbivory led to decreased sapling growth in F. sylvatica and Q. rubra. On Q. robur saplings, top-down control was stronger closer to the forest edge. Furthermore, in this species, herbivory inside the exclosures increased with an increasing proportion of conspecific trees in the overstorey, while such a resource concentration effect was not observed outside the exclosures. Our results show the importance for forest management of conserving insectivorous birds and promoting a mixed overstorey, which can decrease sapling herbivory when bird abundance is low. More generally, our study provides insight into the complex, multitrophic interactions that drive sapling growth in forest stands located within fragmented landscapes.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.