Abstract
BackgroundRecently, avian influenza virus has caused repeated worldwide outbreaks in humans. Live Poultry Markets (LPMs) play an important role in the circulation and reassortment of novel Avian Influenza Virus (AIVs). Aerosol transmission is one of the most important pathways for influenza virus to spread among poultry, from poultry to mammals, and among mammals.MethodsIn this study, air samples were collected from LPMs in Nanchang city between April 2014 and March 2015 to investigate possible aerosol transmission of AIVs. Air samples were detected for Flu A by Real-Time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RRT-PCR). If samples were positive for Flu A, they were inoculated into 9- to 10-day-old specific-pathogen-free embryonated eggs. If the result was positive, the whole genome of the virus was sequenced by MiSeq. Phylogenetic trees of all 8 segments were constructed using MEGA 6.05 software.ResultsTo investigate the possible aerosol transmission of AIVs, 807 air samples were collected from LPMs in Nanchang city between April 2014 and March 2015. Based on RRT-PCR results, 275 samples (34.1%) were Flu A positive, and one virus was successfully isolated with embryonated eggs. The virus shared high nucleotide homology with H9N2 AIVs from South China.ConclusionsOur study provides further evidence that the air in LPMs can be contaminated by influenza viruses and their nucleic acids, and this should be considered when choosing and evaluating disinfection strategies in LPMs, such as regular air disinfection. Aerosolized viruses such as the H9N2 virus detected in this study can increase the risk of human infection when people are exposed in LPMs.
Highlights
Avian influenza virus has caused repeated worldwide outbreaks in humans
While aquatic birds are the natural hosts of avian influenza virus (AIVs), the transmission of Avian Influenza Virus (AIVs) from wild birds to poultry has been seen in many places in the world, and the virus has caused frequent sporadic human outbreaks owing to contacts between poultry and humans [1,2,3,4,5,6]
To study possible aerosol transmission of AIVs in Live Poultry Markets (LPMs), air samples were collected from LPMs in Nanchang city between April 2014 and March 2015
Summary
Live Poultry Markets (LPMs) play an important role in the circulation and reassortment of novel Avian Influenza Virus (AIVs). Human infection with many subtypes of AIVs has been reported, including H5N1, H5N6, H7N9, H10N8, H6N1, and H9N2 AIVs, and field epidemiological investigation showed some patients had no. Zeng et al Virology Journal (2017) 14:136 history of direct contact with any live poultry before illness onset [3, 12, 13].For example, in late 2013, the first human infection with avian influenza H10N8 virus was reported in Nanchang city, Jiangxi province, China. To study possible aerosol transmission of AIVs in LPMs, air samples were collected from LPMs in Nanchang city between April 2014 and March 2015
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