Abstract

Abstract Recent evidence suggests that avian facultative hypothermic responses are more common, and occur in a wider variety of ecological contexts, than previously thought. The capacity for shallow hypothermia (rest-phase hypothermia) occurs throughout the avian phylogeny, but the capacity for pronounced hypothermia (torpor) appears to be restricted to certain taxa. Families in which torpor has been reported include the Todidae, Coliidae, Trochilidae, Apodidae, Caprimulgidae, and Columbidae. Facultative hypothermia occurs in species ranging in body mass (Mb) from <3 g to ca. 6500 g. Minimum body temperature (Tb) during hypothermia is continuously distributed from 4.3°C to ca. 38°C. The physiological distinction between torpor and rest-phase hypothermia is unclear. Whereas these two responses have traditionally been distinguished on the basis of Tb, we find little support for the biological reality of specific Tb limits. Instead, we argue that emphasis should be placed on understanding the relationship be...

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