Abstract
The eggshell membrane (ESM), mainly composed of collagen-like proteins, is readily available as a waste product of the egg industry. As a novel biomaterial, ESM is attractive for its applications in the nutraceutical, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical fields. This review provides the main information about the structure and chemical composition of the ESM as well as some approaches for its isolation and solubilization. In addition, the review focuses on the role and performance of bioactive ESM-derived products in various applications, while a detailed literature survey is provided. The evaluation of the safety of ESM is also summarized. Finally, new perspectives regarding the potential of ESM as a novel biomaterial in various engineering fields are discussed. This review provides promising future directions for comprehensive application of ESM.
Highlights
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
The shell is a calcareous structure predominantly constituted of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (95%) and an organic matrix composed of proteins, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans (3.5%) [1,2]
Significant improvements were seen from the normalized Stiffness score of Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index by Day 5 [70]. These results indicated that the eggshell membrane (ESM) hydrolysate can be used as a promising dietary supplement to relieve OA symptoms and enhance the mobility of OA patients
Summary
The avian eggshell, representing about 10% of the egg weight, is composed of the shell and shell membrane. The ESM is the innermost component of the eggshell, lying in between the mammillary layer and the egg white. The ESM is divided into three layers: the outer shell membrane, the inner shell membrane, and the limiting membrane. The outer shell membrane represents the outmost layer of the ESM and facilitates the close attachment to the eggshell. Fibers in the outer shell membrane present bud-like structures on top of the mammillary knob, allowing a strong binding between the ESM and the eggshell [8]. Such a hypothesis is inMcaojnotrrBadioicchtieomnicwalitFhutnhcetiofancst that collagen X is located in the core of- the fOibpetirms u[6m].mFiebchroannieccatlinst,reandgitmh [e2r3i]c form glycoprotein with the function of activating o-r binTdhinergmparlosttaebinilsit,yis[2a3n] other type of protein present in the ESM [20]. - Water-retaining property [49] - Improving angiogenesis and tissue morphogenesis [50]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
