Abstract
The complement-fixation (CF) test has been used extensively for studies of diseases in man and animals. It is used to detect antibodies or antigens resulting from natural or experimental infections. A large number of samples may be tested, giving rapid, dependable results if appropriate controls are used. Complement-fixation tests have been used less extensively with avian systems, partly because of technical difficulties encountered with the antisera. Unheated antisera are frequently anticomplementary (AC), whereas heated avian antisera usually do not fix complement (C') in the conventional direct manner. Therefore, indirect and modified direct tests have been devised. Each test has its advantages and disadvantages. Some theoretical aspects of the CF technique are covered, along with practical application of the test using avian sera. The modified direct CF test is discussed in some detail. The CF test should be utilized in research and diagnostic laboratories concerned with problems of avian disease.
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