Averting the gaze in Eliyahu de Vidas’ Reshit Hokhmah

Abstract

This article explores the Kabbalistic framework enhancing the sanctity of guarding the eyes ( shemirat ha-eynayim ), a key theme in early modern moralistic literature, particularly in Reshit Hokhmah . De Vidas cautions against severe consequences for transgressors and the personal impairments linked to forbidden gazing, while also promoting the ideal of the prophetic holy gaze at the divine chariot and preparation for the eternal gaze at the divine objects of paradise. He integrates the quasi-scientific extramission theory of visual perception into his theurgical framework, creating a concept of mental–spiritual wasting of seed akin to actual wasting of seed. Analysing de Vidas’ treatment of gazing prohibitions, the study highlights his use of rabbinical sources and the Zohar to enhance the authority of his warnings. This integration of eye-guarding principles within a framework of fear and aspiration significantly shapes the Kabbalistic ethos of sexual sanctity and influences contemporary practices of averting one’s eyes.