Abstract
In this study, analytical expressions are derived by using probability density function approach over millimeter wave fluctuating two-ray (FTR) fading channels for average symbol error rate (ASER) of rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation (RQAM) and cross quadrature amplitude modulation (XQAM) schemes. First, an exact ASER expression for RQAM over millimeter wave FTR fading channels is derived. Second, two different upper bound ASER expressions of RQAM scheme under millimeter wave FTR fading conditions are obtained by using Chernoff and Chiani approximations of Gaussian Q-function. In addition to this, an asymptotic ASER expression for RQAM is also proposed. Then, an analytical formulation is presented for XQAM signaling over millimeter wave FTR fading channels in terms of infinite series representations which rapidly converge. Finally, the numerical results of the proposed analytical expressions are compared with the simulation results in order to validate the analytical findings in this work.
Highlights
Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is a bandwidth efficient modulation type and it is used in the field of digital multimedia transmission
NUMERICAL RESULTS We provide the numerical results for the proposed average symbol error rate (ASER) expressions of rectangular QAM (RQAM) and XQAM to show the effect of fading parameters of fluctuating two-ray (FTR) distribution
Analytical results of RQAM and XQAM are approved by the numerical solution of (5) and (26) by using Mathematica and Matlab softwares
Summary
Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is a bandwidth efficient modulation type and it is used in the field of digital multimedia transmission. As far as we know, there is no work that analyses and presents the ASER performance of RQAM and XQAM techniques over millimeter wave (mmWave) fluctuating two-ray (FTR) fading channels. The mmWave FTR model is a great and appropriate fading model which takes the large heterogeneity of random fluctuations into consideration that effect the mmWave radio signal when propagating in the presence of multiple scatters This model is a native generalization of the TWDP fading model that allows the fixed amplitude specular waves associated with line-of-sight propagation to randomly fluctuate. Motivated by the suitability of FTR fading for millimeter wave communications and bandwidth efficient high speed transmission capability of QAM signaling, we derive new and novel analytical expressions for RQAM and XQAM schemes over millimeter wave FTR fading channels for the first time in the literature in this work. The obtained analytical results are compared to the corresponding simulations for validation purpose
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