Abstract
Total radiated power (TRP) is commonly accepted as an important figure of merit (FoM) for evaluating the over-the-air (OTA) performance of wireless devices enabled by the emerging fifth generation (5G) mobile communication technology. The statistically homogeneous and isotropic electromagnetic (EM) environment created by a reverberation chamber (RC) makes it an accurate, efficient, and economic testing facility for TRP measurement. In this paper, an improved analytical uncertainty model which is based on the average Rician K-factor (K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">avg</sub> ) and the number of independent samples is proposed for TRP measurement using an RC. It has the flexibility to allow different stirring configurations in the calibration stage and the measurement stage, and gives insight into the measurement uncertainty without the tedious and inefficient empirical estimation processes. Estimators of K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">avg</sub> are modelled and analyzed. Specifically, the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">avg</sub> is validated by the Monte Carlo simulation, and its unbiased correction is derived accordingly for improved uncertainty model accuracy. Extensive 9-Point estimation measurements are also conducted in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed analytical model.
Highlights
While continuously reshaping our way of life, the emerging fifth generation (5G) wireless technologies [1], [2] introduce various challenges to the instrumentation and measurement society [3]–[5]
An improved analytical uncertainty model for OTA Total radiated power (TRP) measurement in an reverberation chamber (RC) that considered both the sample correlation and the spatial uniformity issues was proposed in this work
A thorough statistical analysis for Kavg including the formulation of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) estimator and its unbiasing correction was conducted, and Monte Carlo simulations were performed for verification of the derived statistics
Summary
While continuously reshaping our way of life, the emerging fifth generation (5G) wireless technologies [1], [2] introduce various challenges to the instrumentation and measurement society [3]–[5]. 3) An analytical relative uncertainty model based on independent sample numbers and Kavg considering both stages for the TRP measurement is derived It allows different stirring configurations in each stage, and makes it possible to characterize the measurement dispersion without tedious and inefficient empirical estimation processes (Section III). Based on (17) in [20] which utilizes a components-of-variance model and by doing the following: 1) extend the model from K to Kavg; 2) neglect the effect of measurement perturbation (e.g., noise, imperfection of calibration, and cable movement); 3) correct sample correlations by estimating the independent sample number for each stirring technique utilized; and 4) combine uncertainties in both the calibration stage and the measurement stage using (38), we can derive the overall analytical uncertainty model for TRP measurement in an RC as: uana P DUT =. Using larger N2 value during the measurement stage seems to magnify this impact
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