Abstract
Average forces in bound and resonant states of simple quantum systems realizable in semiconductor heterostructures are considered theoretically. First, an average electric force in a bound state of electron characterized by a constant effective mass is calculated and shown to be zero. Next, a total force is calculated for a system in which electron effective mass varies in space and it is demonstrated that this force has a component related to the mass variation. Average electric force is then determined from the condition that in a bound state the average total force must vanish. Finally, average electric field is calculated for a system consisting of a quantum well placed in a constant field. A comparison with the density of states shows that the average field is strongly quenched at the energies corresponding to resonant states.
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